Research Misconduct Policy in Biomedicine: Beyond the Bad Apple Approach

maladapted our hunter-gatherer bodies are for the modern times. The chapters on the effects of farming in our diet and, consequently, our jaws and bodies are particularly noteworthy and highly recommended. Finally, the last part explores how our body is coping with our physically comfortable lifestyle with serious consequences to our health and well-being. Age-related disorders notwithstanding, many afflictions we experience today appear to be maladaptation rather than adaptation, due to recent transformations in human history. The great advantage of this book is that Dr. Lieberman is a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard, and he infuses his writing with somewhat entertaining evolutionary musings over redundant daily tasks (i.e., taking the elevator or stairs; sitting on a comfy chair or squatting; running barefoot or not; etc.) that we could all practice for both our intellectual and physical benefit. Furthermore, the author succeeds in condensing 7 or so million years (starting with Sahelanthropus) of evolution while still making the book accessible and informative. However, some topic discussions and themes are slightly copy and paste throughout the chapters, and specific studies are discussed for an expert audience. But given the severity of health problems arising from our diet and environment, this comprehensive story, albeit incomplete, is highly relevant. It also encourages appreciating how our bodies adapt — and why they may be changing for the worse if we don’t educate ourselves on what is natural to them.